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Episode 115 – Professor Michael Garrett & Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics

By Gurbir Dated: June 13, 2024 Leave a Comment

Prof. Mike Garrett FRS

In this episode with Professor Mike Garrett FRS, we discuss some of the many research activities conducted by him, his colleagues and students at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JCBA) University of Manchester. Many of these activities involve international collaboration and are thus conducted elsewhere around the world and not just in Manchester. One of the big takeaways for me was the work of Mancunian Dennis Walsh who made the very first Gravitational Lensing observation from Jodrell Bank. He was also Professor Garrett’s PhD supervisor.

A shorter version of this interview was broadcast on Allfm.org 11th June 2024.

Some of the topics we discussed include:

  • Recollections of working with Sir Bernard Lovell
  • Gravitational Lensing and its origins at Jodrell Bank through the work of Dennis Walsh
  • JBCA’s long association with Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence and how the increased funding via the Breakthrough Listen Programme, has increased SETI research by acquiring more time on existing radio telescopes including Parkes and Greenbank. Also introducing new approaches to SETI research. Rather than collecting new data, the new approach involves analysing open source data from Earth and spaceborne sources including the European Southern Observatory, Alma Observatory and the WISE spacecraft.
  • More than 150 individuals from the University of Manchester are associated with the international program the Square Kilometer Array, headquartered in Manchester.
  • The global increase in the use of Low-Frequency Array (Lofar) technology in Radio astronomy.
  • The USA, Europe and China are looking at the far side of the Moon as a location for radio astronomy
  • The role of Brexit and its impact on Britain’s capacity to participate and lead in internationally collaborative programs.

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Episode 114 – Chris Riley and The Moonwalkers: A Journey with Tom Hanks

By Gurbir Dated: May 28, 2024 Leave a Comment

Dr Christopher Riley

Christopher Riley was trained as a geologist, but his greatest skill is his imagination. He is known for his books and as a filmmaker, specialising in documentaries including In the Shadow of the Moon, First Orbit (on Youtube) and  Director’s Cut of Moonwalk One (Amazon DVD) 

His latest work, a 50-minute show, The Moonwalkers: A Journey with Tom Hanks is an immersive audio-visual experience in a unique venue in the centre of London. The visuals are provided by 26 high-res Panasonic laser projectors that produce giant videos and still images that wraps around multiple walls. The exceptional audio is powered by the German-made Holoplot speaker system comprising 1600 speakers. If you ever wondered what comes after Imax – this is it.

The Moonwalkers: A Journey with Tom Hanks

The script was written by Tom Hanks and Christopher Riley. This unique audio-visual experience of the Apollo story is available only in London and only until 13th October 2024. More images and clips here.

The Space Race, that started with Gagarin’s spaceflight on April 1961 and arguably ended in July 1969 with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the surface of the Moon. It is perhaps the most astonishing episode of human progress. It was an epic leap because it was more than just a technological advance. It may have been borne out of national rivalries but its legacy touched our individual perceptions of each other on earth and beyond. .

In this conversation, recorded in London he talks about his writing, filmmaking and how the idea of The Moonwalkers came about. Parts of this interview were transmitted in my bi-weekly radio program on allfm.org on 28th May 2024.


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The Moonwalkers: A Journey With Tom Hanks

By Gurbir Dated: May 3, 2024 Leave a Comment

This post is based on an article that will appear in the Summer 2024 edition of the Newsletter from the Open University Physics and Astronomy Society.

Out of the twelve men with personal experience of walking on the Moon between 1969 and 1972, only 4 remain. It was a unique event in human history that by chance occurred in my lifetime. Carl Sagan’s words captured this exceptional nature saying “In all the history of mankind, there will be only one generation that will be first to explore the Solar System”. 

Moonwalkers: A Journey with Tom Hanks is an immersive audio-visual experience in a unique venue in the centre of London. The 50-minute show is centred on the recollection of the then 13-year-old Tom Hanks’ experience of seeing the first men to walk on the surface of another world. The script was written by Tom Hanks and Christopher Riley. Riley is a well-known author and filmmaker, specialising in documentaries on the early phase of the Space Age (i.e. First Orbit available on Youtube and Director’s Cut of Moonwalk One DVD) on Amazon.

The Space Race was a product of the Cold War and ostensibly a race between the mighty political ideologies of Western Capitalism and Eastern Communism. But when it came to the extraordinary achievement, seeing the men walk around the Moon on a tiny black-and-white screen,  it transcended national identities and political ideologies. At the time, around a quarter of the USA population (53 million) and around a sixth of the global population (around 650 million) tuned in. 

It will not see it Netflix, BBC or even Youtube because the immersive experience only works in a specialised multiscreen venue, like the Lightroom in London. The lightroom is like a large warehouse. During the 50-minute show, multiple projectors dynamically project multiple images on all four walls and the floor. Seating is a series of low-level cushioned benches without a headrest and standalone cushions to sit on the floor. Once the show starts – you have to look all around you – including behind you. Best not to sit too close to the front.  Subtitles are included – out of the way at the top of the front wall. Taking the odd picture or video on your phone is not prohibited. I am including here a few of the images and videos I captured during my visit.

Tom Hanks, who has had a fascination with space since childhood, narrates the show. He shares his wonder of experiencing the Moon landing as a teenager. He played Jim Lovell, the commander of the aborted Apollo 13 mission, in his 1995 film – Apollo 13. He co-produced the 1998 12-part drama, From the Earth to the Moon. The series covered the space programme from the Mercury programme to the Apollo 17, the final Apollo mission and went on to win multiple nominations and awards. 

The visuals are provided by 26 Panasonic laser projectors but I felt there were many more. The high quality of the images and video was in part the contribution of Andy Saunders, author of Apollo Remastered. He is credited as a Collaborating Producer.  He produced the single giant pictures that wraps around multiple walls. Despite two walls meeting at right angles, there is very little sense of distortion. In addition to the video on the main front wall, throughout the show, numerous stills of people, spacecraft and instrumentation are displayed simultaneously. Occasionally with multiple videos. It is the cumulative impact of these multiple threads of audio, stills and video that evoke the emotional response and the immersive experience. 

I could not see where the speakers were so assumed they were high up in the ceiling. But not so. Lightroom London is one of three venues around the world kitted out with a German-made Holoplot speaker system. Two panels are embedded, one inside the front and another inside the back wall. Each panel has a matrix array module of 800 speakers each.  A little like phased array antennas, the matrix array modules can generate multiple beams of audio, in the vertical and horizontal plane. Just as what you see depends on where you are, what you hear is also finely tuned to location. You are invited to pay once but stay for multiple screenings. If you do – try different locations within the venue.  Tom Hanks’s narration, rocket launch and the specially commissioned score by the composer Anne Nikitin provide a lavish emotional experience. The speakers rumble when the Saturn 5 launches and your chest joins in.

The depiction of the Apollo 11 landing sequence was disappointing. I know footage of the descent from the Lunar Module exists but is not shown here. This was a choice to illustrate Mission Control’s limited perspective at this critical phase of the mission. I would also have liked to have seen more footage from the Apollo 13 mission, given Hanks’ back story. I felt the title – Moonwalkers, undercut the contribution of the other 12 astronauts who went to the Moon but never made it down to the surface. 

I was surprised to see the long queue but then again I was attending the 4 pm show on a Saturday. I enjoyed it but that was pretty much a given. At the end of my screening, the audience clapped. So I guess most of them did too. 

Currently, the Lightroom in London is the only place you can see this but there is a desire to take it elsewhere where suitable venues exist. The £25 per adult (there are concessions) entry is typical of London. But pricey for non-Londoners.  They will need to consider the additional cost of travelling to London.

This is a unique opportunity to experience an exceptional achievement of the 20th century played out using 21st-century technology. It is timely. Humans from the Earth are returning to the lunar surface in in the next year or two. . For all the information and to book tickets see Lightroom.uk

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Pennine Pioneers of Science on Allfm.org

By Gurbir Dated: April 18, 2024 Leave a Comment

Between December 2023 and April 2024, I did a series of radio programmes for a local radio station – allfm.org. Called Pennine Pioneers of Science, the 8 programs profiled the lives and scientific achievements of 15 individuals associated with the north of England.

I will be continuing the live radio programs (every other Tuesday live at 1 pm on allfm.org) but with a focus on scientific research being undertaken today rather than in the past. This new series is available here.

Surprisingly on 24 March 2024, this series got to number one in the Global Science category on Mixcloud.com

Recordings of the radio programs, without the music tracks and adverts, are available to play or download below. On the grey horizontal bars below, click the arrow on the left to play or the three vertical dots on the right to download.



0: 14 December 2023 – Introduction to Pennine Pioneers of Science

The industrial revolution that spread across the globe started here in Manchester. It was science that made it possible.

In this short series of “Pennine Pioneers of Science” on Allfm.org I will profile the lives and achievements of people who have lived and worked where you and I live today. You may be familiar with names such as John Dalton (atomic theory), James Joule (energy), Ernest Rutherford (structure of the atom), Bernard Lovell (Jodrell Bank) and Alan Turing (first stored program computer). But the achievements of others such as physicist Gilbert Walker from Rochdale, J. J. Thompson from Cheetham Hill, astronomer William Crabtree from Salford and physicist James Chadwick from Bollington, are obscured by the mist of time.


1: 9 January 2024 Joseph Priestley (1733 – 1804) John Dalton (1766 – 1844)

Joseph Priestley, born near Leeds discovered Oxygen had a tough time as a dissenter and in the end, had to leave for America where he is buried in Pennsylvania.
John Dalton, originally from near Cockermouth but spent most of his life in Manchester conducted research into colour blindness, something from which he and his brother suffered. He is best known for advancing the case of atomic theory.

2: 23 January 2024 – William Crabtree (1610 to 1644) and Jeremiah Horrocks (1618 to 164)

On Sunday 24th October 1939, William Crabtree in Salford and Jeremiah Horrocks (born in Toxteth) in Preston observed the planet Venus pass in front of the Sun, also known as a transit. Horrocks had calculated this would happen only a few weeks earlier and told Crabtree. Occasional breaks in the clouds on the day allowed them to see it. They were the only two in the world who saw it. The measurements they took then helped us understand the planets’ sizes and the solar system’s scale. There was a transit of Venus in 2004 and 2012. Here is my recording of the 2004 transit of Venus.


3: 6 February 2024 – William Lassell (1799 – 1880) and James Joule (1818 – 1889)

William Lassell, a brewer by trade designed built and operated some of the largest telescopes in the world during his lifetime from Liverpool. He understood the importance of location and took his telescopes to Malta to observe. He collaborated with James Naysmith in Manchester.

James Joule was born in Salford and lived in Whalley Range, Salford, Stretford and Sale. Conduct research in heat, and energy and came up with the first law of thermodynamics – energy cannot be created or destroyed.


4: 20 February 20204 Edward Appleton (1892 – 1965) and JJ Thompson (1856 – 1940)
Edward Appleton from Bradford was for a time the world authority on the ionosphere. His work was timely coinciding with the arrival of radio. JJ Thompson from Cheetham Hill went beyond Dalton’s work and discovered that you can pick apart an atom and look at its constituent parts.


5: 5 March 2024 – Gilbert Walker (1891 – 1974) and James Chadwick (1868 – 1958)
Gilbert Walker was sent to India in 1904 to understand the Monsoon and provide weather forecasts. Analysing global weather phenomena is essential for our time but it was Walker who started it over 100 years ago. He also played a role in the story of the gifted mathematician – Srinivas Ramanujan who ended up in Trinity College in Cambridge between 194 and 1918.
James Chadwick from near Macclesfield discovered the Neutron, established the University of Liverpool as a centre for nuclear physics during the 1930s and helped ensure the UK had its own Nuclear Weapons after WW2.


6: 19 March 2024 – Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937) and John Cockroft (1897 – 1967)
Originally from New Zealand, he made his mark in history with an experiment that helped establish the nature and size of the Atom. Through experiments, he demonstrated what John Dalton had theorised 30 hundred years earlier. Member of the Royal Society, Rutherford established that most of the mass of an atom is locked away in a tiny nucleus and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1908. He succeeded JJ Thompson as the professor of the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. Typically, the atom is around a thousand times larger than the nucleus. Short audio recordings of his 1931 lecture at the university of Goettingen.


7: 2 April 2024- Fredrick Williams (1911 – 1977) and Alan Turing (1912 – 1954)
Manchester can claim many first. The execution of a stored program stored in memory on 24 June 1948 stands out. It was the development of digital random access memory by Freddy Williams (from Stockport) along with Tom Kilburn from Dewsbury and Geoff Tootill from Chaderton that made this achievement possible. Alan Turing came to Manchester later in 1948 because it was the only place where he could put into practice his thinking on the universality of computers. I learnt about his family links with India and Ireland. This episode includes an extract, not in his voice, from his 1951 BBC broadcast, Can Computers Think?


8: 16 Apr2024-Bernard Lovell (1913 – 2012) and Series Review
The fully steerable 75m Lovell Telescope (Jodrell Bank) has become an icon for the city of Manchester despite being located 30km away. The story of its construction in 1950’s Britain is fascinating by itself not to mention its role in the early days of the Space Race. But it is the story of Lovell himself, a scientist with a keen interest in building radio devices amid a World War that is particularly interesting.

In this episode, I only get to touch the surface of his many wartime contributions including in H2S based on the top secret device Cavity Magnetron and his many high-level contacts. I include clips from oral history recorded in 1987 by the Imperial War Museum.


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